Project Director: Prof. Kuo-Fong Ma
Distinguished Research Fellow, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica
Director of Earthquake- Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Risk Management (E-DREaM) Center
Photoed on 2021/12/31 by Earthquake- Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Risk Management (E-DREaM) Center
Milun fault Drilling and All-inclusive Sensing project, MiDAS
The Institute of Earth Sciences of Academia Sinica and National Central University’s Earthquake Disaster Chain Risk Assessment and Management Research Center jointly carried out the ” Cross-Milun Fault Downhole Optical Fiber Seismic Research ” , and set up two underground seismic observation stations in Qixingtan, Hualien, and introduced optical fiber seismic observation technology , is the world’s first cross-fault optical fiber seismic observation research, opening the “light” generation of seismic observation.
The Hualien earthquake in 2018 caused huge casualties. Among them, the Milun Fault, which caused serious disasters, requires more attention because the seismic activity cycle is less than a century. Earthquake disaster risk assessment is an item that cannot be ignored in modern urban development planning, and it is even more necessary to collect complete earthquake background information before conducting earthquake disaster risk assessment. In order to understand the Hualien earthquake and its future potential, Professor Kuo-Fong Ma, with the support of the key projects of the Academia Sinica and the Ministry of Education’s Higher Education Deep Cultivation Project, cooperated with the Institute of Earth Sciences of the Academia Sinica and the earthquake disaster chain risk assessment and management of Central University The research center, Donghua University School of Environment and other academic institutions will launch the Milun fault Drilling and All-inclusive Sensing project (MiDAS) in 2020.
The site of the seismic observation station is located on the northwestern edge of the Milun Terrace, near the coast of Qixingtan. By drilling two dual observation wells penetrating through the Milun fault, an underground seismic observation station is set up. Introducing optical fiber seismic observation technology, and referring to the research experience of Chelongpu Fault Drilling (TCDP), the new generation of seismic optical fiber combines traditional downhole seismographs with water and gas monitoring in fault zones to establish a cross-fault seismic observation system. The data of the surrounding seismogenic structure and fault dynamics are provided, which will help to explore the dislocation and fault system mechanism of the Milun Fault, and propose disaster prevention countermeasures.
After the Chi-Chi Earthquake at the end of the 20th century, the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project (TCDP) of the Ministry of Science and Technology set up an underground seismic observation station in Dakeng, Taichung, which has been in operation for 15 years since 2006 Earthquake observations, and made outstanding contributions to Taiwan earthquake research. The TCDP Seismic Observation Station has been decommissioned at the end of 2021, and the MiDAS project that takes over is a successor to the future. It is expected to be an important start in creating the next twenty years of glory in Taiwan’s geoscience community, and to advance Taiwan’s earthquake observation and disaster risk assessment research to “light”. field of generations.
MiDAS Drilling summary
Pre-research and MiDAS Project starts
- Earthquake disaster survey
- Geologisity survey
- Shallow reflection seismic survey
- Hualien region research literature remittance
- Drilling Site Evaluation
- Earthquake observation data collection
- GPS observation data survey
- MiDAS Project starts from Jun. 2020
- Drilling Site
- Drilling design
MiDAS Hole-A drilling starts from May 2021
- Well Drilling
- Core and cutting
- Drilling water and gas sampling and monitoring well drilling
- Open hole electrical measurement data collection
- Supplementary measurement of shallow speed drilling in November
- MiDAS Hole-A optical fiber installation in December ,
- Downhole temperature monitoring (cement curing)
- Optical fiber signal artificial source calibration
MiDAS Hole-B drilling starts from Feb. 2022
- Well Drilling
- Debris data collection
- Drilling Water and Gas Sampling
- Open hole electrical measurement data collection
- Fiber optic installation in MiDAS Hole-B in June,
- Surface fiber installation work in April
- Short-term optical fiber network observation in August
- Seismograph installation in September & November
MiDAS Hole-C research from 2023
- Downhole temperature monitoring in March 2023
- Downhole pressure gauge in May 2023
Project item
- MiDAS work station
- Disaster prevention education promotion
- monographic study
- Real-time Observation
- Seismic Data
- Earthquake disaster and risk evaluation
- Promotion of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Education
2018-02-06 Hualien Earthquake survey
The Qixingtan Bridge was affected by the dislocation of the Milun fault, and the bridge deck broke.
There is a drop of more than 20 centimeters at the rupture of the Qixingtan Bridge.
The walls of houses in Qixingtan were pulled and ruptured due to the dislocation of the Milun fault.
The runway in the playground of Donghua University’s Milun Campus was dislocated by the Milun Fault, which caused the goose-shaped rupture.
(Provided by: Earthquake Disaster Chain Risk Assessment and Management Research Center, taken in February 2018.)
Structural Investigation and Drilling Site Selection of Milun Fault in Hualien
According to the survey and historical earthquake records of the Milun Fault in Taiwan’s active faults by the Geological Survey Institute of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ( Central Geological Survey Institute, 2017 ) , two disaster earthquakes occurred on the Milun Fault in recent years in 1952 and 2018, and the seismic activity period is less than a hundred years , belonging to the first type of active fault.
In the 2018 Hualien Milun Earthquake, the dislocation of the fault caused the ground surface to rupture, and the fault zone passed through the entire densely populated area of Hualien City, causing damage and collapse of buildings, resulting in casualties and economic losses. In order to reduce the occurrence of earthquakes in the future and cause serious disasters again, the data of surrounding seismogenic structures and fault dynamics are provided. Therefore, it is planned to select a site on the Milun fault, plan to build an underground seismic observation station, and build a seismic database for long-term monitoring of the Milun fault activity. This project records the earthquake background data in the Milun area by setting up a short-term seismic observation network , and conducts shallow reflection seismic surveys in the Hualien area (starting from 2019) with the support of the special project of the Ministry of Science and Technology , and investigates the geology along the Milun fault. The structure, after discussion by the research team, was located in the Qixingtan area of the northern segment of the Milun fault, and two dual observation wells were drilled through the Milun fault, named MiDAS Hole-A and MiDAS Hole-B, respectively.
(Provided by: Prof. Chien-Ying Wang, Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University.)
2019-04-24 Dongzihuanzi No. 1080008148
2019-04-29 Shuijiuguanzi No. 10850030720
2019-05-13 Shuijiuguanzi No. 10802024360
2019-04-30 Lianwenzizi No. 1080004835
2019- 05-01 Fuguan Chanzi No. 1080081768
2019-05-08 Fujianshuizi No. 1080081770
2019-06-06 Zhongdadiwuzi No. 1084000496
2019-06-18 Lianwen Zizi No. 1080006918
2019-07-16 Hua Zheng Zi No. 1088163325
2020-02-12 Zhongda Zhenzi No. 1097900012
Earthquake Observation
Earthquake station
Before the Milun drilling in 2020, a temporary seismic observation station was set up on the hanging wall and footwall of the Milun fault in the well site area. The seismic station uses solar panels for self-power and 4G wireless signal transmission, and is co-located with several different types of seismometers.
(Provided by: Yen-Yu Lin, Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University.)
Continuous GPS Observatio
Clarify the active characteristics of the Milun Fault and the existence of other geological structures (such as the Beipu line and the Central Mountain Range Fault), and use the dual-frequency GPS continuous survey that spans the Milun Fault and the Milun Platform to be established in Hualien City from September 2019. Based on the data from the station, the crustal deformation behavior related to the activity of the Milun fault was analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the continuity and high frequency (such as 5Hz and 1Hz) records of the GPS, observe the activity behavior of the Milun Fault itself and the adjacent areas affected by the Milun Fault during the interseismic period and the co-seismic period, in order to Understanding the geological significance of the Philippine Sea plate in the tectonics of eastern Taiwan.
This study only uses the data of continuous GPS stations in the area near the Milun fault, the purpose of which is to understand the impact of the compression of the Philippine Sea plate on the activity of the Milun fault region.
In geodetic surveying, GPS continuous station is indeed an effective and accurate technology for surface deformation. The advantage is that the GPS continuous measuring station can record the coordinates of the location of the station 24 hours a day without interruption, and after a long time, it can record the change of the coordinates of the location of the station. After excluding systematic errors (such as ionospheric errors, satellite time table errors, and satellite orbit errors) and human errors, we can obtain naturally occurring surface deformations, such as plate movements, fault dislocations, and vertical surface changes caused by groundwater level fluctuations, etc. .
(Provided by Jia-Han Zeng, Department of Geology/Earthquake Disaster Chain Risk Assessment and Management Research Center, Chinese Culture University.)
Drilling Site
The site area of the Milun Fault was selected through geophysical prospecting and research, considering the long-term observation of the seismic station and sustainable development, etc., and comprehensively evaluating various administrative factors. Underground seismic stations are buried on state-owned land. The state-owned land is managed by the Hualien County Government. Local public opinion was surveyed through the Eastern Joint Service Center of the Executive Yuan. With the strong support of the Hualien County Government and the Eastern Earthquake Science Research Center of Donghua University, the Milun Drilling Research successfully started drilling in 2021. In 2022, the construction of two downhole observation stations in Milun will be completed to carry out long-term seismic observation on the Milun fault.
The Eastern Joint Service Center of the Executive Yuan held a public land coordination meeting, photoed on 2021-02-23.
Application for Mirun Drilling Research Land:
2020-08-31 Dongzihuanzi No. 1090015839,
2021-03-24 Dongzihuanzi No. 1100005303,
2021-04-23 Fuguanchanzi No. 1100077789,
2021-07-22 Taiwan Property Beihua Erzi No. 11032008190,
2021-08-16 Taiwan Property North Flower No. 11003072170,
2021-09-30 Earth Word No. 1101350314
Drilling Land Coordination Meeting:
Drilling Land Explanation Coordination Meeting, Cultural Bureau of Hualien County Government, 2021-.
Public Land Use Coordination Council, Eastern Joint Service Center, Executive Yuan, 2021.
Seismic Observation Well Design
The Mirun Seismic Observation Station is designed as a dual observation well on the upper and lower walls of the fault, mainly using fiber optic seismographs and traditional seismographs for seismic observation. The geophysical prospecting survey has been used to delineate the fault position of the underground structure. The dual well is designed to be 700 meters deep in the upper wall, which is expected to pass through the fault zone; the depth of the lower wall well is 500 meters.
In order to prevent the shallow gravel layer from collapsing during drilling, the first layer of casing is designed at a depth of 0-30 meters. In addition, because of the study of the Milun fault, cores were sampled in the upper wall well at a depth of 350-550 meters, so a three-layer casing design was adopted.
Steel casing is installed on the third layer of the well body. According to the size of the traditional seismograph, the specification of the third layer casing is 8-1/2″, so that the instrument can be installed inside the casing. The central device fixes the seismic signal sensing fiber optic cable.
Hole size:
◆ Depth: Hole-A 700m; Hole-B 500m
◆ Three-layer casing, inner diameter of well pipe 125.7mm
Downhole seismic observation instruments:
◆ Inside the casing: traditional seismograph
◆ Outside the casing: fiber optic seismograph
Milun Well Casing Specifications
Drilling depth range | Drilling Diameter | Outer space of casing | Casing size | OD | Thickness | ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Drilling Depth range) | (Drilling Diameter) | (Outer space of casing) | (Casing size) | (OD) | (Thickness) | (ID) | |
Base | 0-30m | 18-1/2” | cement seal | 14” | 355.6 mm | 5.7 mm | 344.2 mm |
First Round | 30~150 m | 12-1/4” | cement seal | 9-5/8” | 244.4 mm | 9.2 mm | 226 mm |
Second Round | Hole-A 150~700 m；Hole-B 150~500 m | 8-1/2” | cement seal | 5-1/2” | 139.7 mm | 7.0 mm | 125.7mm |
MiDAS Hole-A drilling started from May 2021
Deep Well Drilling Operation (MiDAS Hole-A)
Drilling Location: Hualien 48 Highland
Project Time: 2021-05-05~2021-12-31
Drilling Depth: 700m
Drilling Equipment: “T4W Vehicle-mounted Rotary Drilling Rig”
Drilling schedule:
2021-06-11~2021-06-25 The first stage is 0~30m drilling
2021-07-27~2021-08-10 The second stage is 30~350m drilling
2021-09-19~2021 -10-20 Core sampling operation
2021-12-22~2021-12-27 The third stage of 350~700m drilling (including coring and reaming)
2021-12-30~2021-12-31 Casing and downhole optical fiber installation
2022-08-02~2022-08-04 Well cleaning, flange installation
After the MiDAS Hole-A was drilled to a target depth of 700 meters, the downhole casing and optical fiber installation were completed on December 31, 2021.
Time-lapse photography of the drilling of MiDAS Hole-A at the depth of 529m to 597m, photoed on 2021-12-25.
MiDAS Hole-B drilling started from February 2022
Deep Well Drilling Operation (MiDAS Hole-B)
Drilling Location: Qixingtan
Drilling Time: 2022-02-15~2022-06-03
Drilling Depth: 500m
Drilling Equipment: “T4W Vehicle-mounted Rotary Drilling Rig”
Drilling schedule:
Drilling schedule: 2021-05-25~2021-06-15 The first stage of 0~30m drilling
2022-04-13~2022-05-29 The second stage of 30~500m drilling
2022-06-01~2022 -06-02 Casing and downhole optical fiber installation
2022-07-28~2022-08-01 Well cleaning and flange installation
After drilling to the target depth of 500 meters in Mirun Well B, the installation of downhole casing and optical fiber were completed on June 2, 2022, and the surface optical fiber was fused in series to complete the setup of the MiDAS 3-D optical fiber seismic network (2022-06-03).
- The optical fiber work record of The MiDAS project, Chin-Jen Lin, Electronics Department, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.
Coring and cutting sampling work during MiDAS drilling
MiDAS Hole-A Coring in 2021
MiDAS Hole-A
—Core sampling time: 2021-09-20~2021-10-20
—Core sampling range: 361.1~522.9 meters
—Sampling personnel in the well are on standby 24 hours a day
Remark:
—When the sampling operation reached a depth of 522.9 meters, due to the instability of the formation, the drill pipe broke at the bottom of the well.
—After two months of rod-broken fishing operations, the core sampling work of Hole-A was completed.
(Resume drilling operations and continue to drill down to the target depth of 700 meters) —Sampling
cuttings samples every 10 meters of drilling.
Milun fault zone Coring in 2022
The researchers judged that the location of the stratum should belong to the Milun fault zone, so in Hole-A about 20m away from the fault, another well was drilled at the Milun well site (Hole-C) to obtain cores from the fault zone:
—Core sampling time: 2022-09-10~2022-09-25
—Core sampling range: 507.9~543.45 meters
(A close-up of the core sampling wellhead of MiDAS Hole-A, photoed in 2021.)
MiDAS core
The core sampling range is from 361.1 meters to 522.9 meters in depth, and records are stored in core boxes after every 1 meter cut-off.
MiDAS Core in Milun Fault Zone
The core sampling operation of the fault zone was added at the Milun well site (Hole-C). The core sampling range was from 507.9 meters to 543.45 meters in depth, and the records were stored in core boxes after truncating every 1 meter.
MiDAS core image analysis in 2022
The core samples of the Milun fault will be sent to the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center from October to December 2022 with a total length of about 200 meters, and preliminary data analysis will be carried out on the core image reconstruction.
2023 MiDAS Core Sampling
Time: January 12, 2023
Location: National Donghua University Shoufeng Campus B160 and Meilun Campus
Contents: (1) Introduction to MiDAS; (2) Research objectives and sampling strategies of each research team; (3) Rock core Subsample.
MiDAS Cuttings Analysis
MiDAS Hole-A cutting
MiDAS Hole-B cutting
The depth of MiDAS Hole-B is 500 meters. During the drilling process, cuttings were sampled every 10 meters for sieve analysis to provide formation identification.
Cutting analysis of MiDAS Hole-B, used to evaluate the particle size distribution of cuttings, this analysis is divided into the proportion of gravel, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, silt and clay at each depth. (Wu, 2023)
(Provided by: Li-Wei Kuo, Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University; Wen-Jie Wu, E-DREaM.)
Logging
When the drilling of Milun well reaches the target depth and the state of the open hole, the formation parameters are directly collected from the formation, including: PS wave velocity, porosity, resistance, density, temperature, spontaneous potential, well deviation and well diameter, etc. By analyzing these geological parameters, together with the research results of cores and cuttings sampled from drilling, water and gas monitoring data, real-time 3D seismic monitoring, etc., the most direct data can be provided for fault mechanics research, and earthquake disaster prevention planning in Hualien area can be used as an effective Reference, and then assess the degree of earthquake disaster risk of the Milun Fault.
The open-hole electrical logging project of Milun Drilling includes: Spontaneous Potential, Natural Gamma, Electric Resistivity, Deviation Log, Sonic Well Full Waveform, Acoustic and other six electrical measurement projects.
In order to avoid rock collapse on the open hole wall, the electrical surveying team must keep an eye on the drilling schedule, be on standby when the drilling is close to the target depth, and arrange the open hole electrical surveying operation immediately after the drilling operation draws out the drill pipe. Therefore, the electrical surveying work cooperates with Drilling schedules often need to be run at night.
Logging in MiDAS Hole-A:
2021-08-02~2021-08-03 Hole-A 30~150 meters open hole.
2021-12-28~2021-12-29 Hole-A 150~ 700 meters open hole electrical survey.
Logging in MiDAS Hole-B:
2022-04-20~2022-04-21 Hole-B 30~150 meters open hole.
2022-05-31~2022-06-01 Hole-B 150~500 meters open hole electrical survey.
Logging in MiDAS Hole-C:
2021-12-12~2021-12-13 Hole-C 30~500 meters open hole electrical survey.
2022-09-27 Hole-C 500~540 meters open hole electrical survey.
(Survey by ITRI, taken in December 2021.)
2021 Water and Gas Sampling and MiDAS Hole-C Drilling
- During deep well drilling operations, real-time drilling mud dissolved gas observation and core gas sampling
- Understanding the composition of formation gas and identifying the location of fracture zones
- In December 2021, the MiDAS water and gas monitoring well (Hole-C) will be drilled, and a water and gas monitoring well with a depth of 500 meters will be drilled about 20 meters away from the west side of MiDAS Hole-A.
- MiDAS Hole-C also has completed open-hole electrical logging data, which can be used for comparison with the data of MiDAS Hole-A.
(Data provided by: Ching-Chou Fu, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.)
2023 Downhole Water and Gas Pressure Monitor
(Provided by: Shih-Jung Wang, Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, 2023.)
Downhole pressure monitoring
Installation of stratified pressure gauge shifter in Milun Hole- C from May 2023
(Provided by: Shih-Jung Wang, Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, May 2023.)
Shallow velocity survey in November 2021 (D1 & D2)
Due to the protective casing installed in Hole-A and Hole-B to prevent shallow gravel avalanche, the information between the surface and the depth of 30 meters was missing in the open-hole electrical survey of Mirun Well Drilling. Therefore, in 2021-11- From September 09 to 2021-11-15, the shallow formation velocity supplementary measurement (D1 and D2) will be implemented.
(Provided by: Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, 2022.)
Downhole fiber optic installation
The Milun fiber optic seismograph uses a recorder from the British company Silixa, and the downhole fiber optic cable has a receiving device every 4 meters.
- The optical fiber work record of The MiDAS project, Chin-Jen Lin, Electronics Department, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.
Fiber optic Installation of MiDAS Hole-A in December 2021
(Time-lapse photography of optical fiber installation in MiDAS Hole-A, shooting date: December 30, 2021)
2021/12/30 Start to install downhole optical fiber (MiDAS Hole-A)
• The depth of MiDAS Hole-A is 700m, using 5.5″ steel casing, and fiber optic cables are installed in the whole well.
• The bottom end of the fiber optic cable is made of “BHA” to make a loop, fixed at the bottom of the well, and transmits the signal back to the surface.
• The length of each casing is about 10~12m, and a total of 63 casings are connected in series to the bottom of the well. (total length 700m).
• The connection between the casing and the casing is locked by a “coupling”.
• A “plug” is installed at 700m from the bottom of the casing to prevent groundwater from seeping into the casing.
• Each casing is equipped with a “centering device” to avoid friction and collision between the casing optical fiber and other devices and the well wall.
• The optical fiber cable is fixed on the outside of the well casing with a “cable clamp”, and installed with the casing lowering operation.
• The fiber optic cable is suspended on pulleys to stabilize the fiber and prevent bending damage. A tensiometer is installed at the hanging place to control the tension of the optical fiber cable.
★ The first casing (bottom hole)
• The casing is installed with a centering device to avoid friction between the instrument and the formation wall. Solder fixed fiber optic BHA. Install fiber optic clips to fix the cables.
★ The second casing
• Connect the two casings with a coupling and lock them with a hinge. Install the centralizer and fiber clip. Control fiber optic cable routing and tension.
★ The third casing
• Repeat the above steps to fix the optical fiber to the casing, and place the rest of the optical fiber together with the casing in the wellbore.
• To avoid the instability of the underground open-hole well wall and gain operating time, the fiber optic installation lasts until nightfall.
• The installation of optical fiber and casing will continue until December 31, the next day.
★ The 63rd casing
• Use fiber optic clamps to fix the fiber (repeat steps)
• Lower the last casing
• Arrange the wellhead fiber optic cable; install the well head; connect the fiber optic signal to the seismic station computer room to check the downhole fiber optic signal.
Fiber optic Installation of MiDAS Hole-B in June 2022
2022/06/01 Start to install downhole optical fiber (MiDAS Hole-B)
• MiDAS Hole-B has a depth of 500m, uses 5.5” steel casing, and installs fiber optic cables throughout the well. The specifications of the casing and fiber optics are the same as those of MiDAS Hole-A, and the installation will continue until June 2 the next day.
• Organize the fiber optic cables at the wellhead Install the well head, complete the installation of the full casing fiber optic and then carry out the cement sealing operation.
• Connect the fiber optic signal to the seismic station computer room to check the downhole fiber optic signal.
• Carry out the signal series circuit test to confirm the signal quality.
(Installation of optical fiber underground in MiDAS Hole-B, photoed on June 1, 2022)
Downhole fiber optic temperature monitoring
The cement curing temperature monitoring in MiDAS Hole-A on January 2022
MiDAS Hole-A completed the downhole optical fiber installation on December 31, 2021, and began to record downhole data in 2022. Using the DTS optical fiber temperature logger, the depth of MiDAS Hole-A is 700 meters, and the fiber recording length is 1400 meters in total. From the optical fiber temperature records, it can be observed that the downhole temperature changes in Milun Well A after the cement grouting is completed.
- The optical fiber work record of The MiDAS project, Chin-Jen Lin, Electronics Department, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.
(Provided by: Chin-Jen Lin, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.)
Survey in MiDAS Hole-C on March, 2023
(Downhole temperature survey on March 11, 2023.)
MiDAS fiber signal calibration by artificial source
Survey in Feb, 2022
Starting from the wellhead and extending to the northeast, a source point is set every 4m interval, and each point is hit 5 times, each interval is 30 seconds, a total of 20 source points.
A total of 43 temporary seismometer smartsolo array stations are set across the fault zone.
A total of 32 artificial source points were placed along the smartsolo array from the source outside the well site.
The average distance between each source point is about 70m~100m, and each point is hit 5 times, with a distance of 20 seconds between each time.
(Provided by: Prof. Chien-Ying Wang, Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University.)
Cross-fault surface fiber optic design
Survey in April, 2022
Milun optical fiber seismic observation
on the hanging wall of the Mirun fault, Hole-A 700m downhole optical fiber. (Completed on 2021-12-31)
The footwall of the Milun fault, Hole-B-500m downhole optical fiber. (Completed on 2022-06-01)
Surface optical fiber across the Milun fault (Completed on 2022-04-06)
– Laying about 1,250m along the embankment of Qixingtan Scenic Area
– Laying 60m in the air between Taipower poles and Chunghwa Telecom poles
– Laying 650m inside Chunghwa Telecom’s existing pipelines
– Laying about 620m in the field next to the Siba Highland
- The MiDAS project work record , Chin-Jen Lin, Electronics Department, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.
(Provided by: Chin-Jen Lin, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.)
Optical fiber network station
Survey in August, 2022
In August 2022, an optical fiber seismic network and a ring-shaped optical fiber network will be deployed in the surface rupture zone of the Milun Fault on the Milun Campus of Donghua University, which can be connected to various optical fiber instruments for short-term fault signal observation.
(Provided by Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 2022.)
Downhole Seismograph Installation
The MiDAS Seismic Observation Station is designed as a dual observation well on the upper and lower walls of the fault, and full-frequency seismometers, Jiavelocity-type seismometers and short-period seismometers are installed at different depths. Hole-A on the upper wall has a depth of 700 meters and is expected to pass through the fault zone, while the Hole-A on the lower wall is 500 meters deep.
The scientific research topics of downhole seismograph data include: helping fiber optic seismograph to correct, monitoring fault zone seismic activity, estimating microseismic source parameters (including location, scale, stress drop and seismic energy, etc.)
and Site Condition research (0m, 100m, 300m, 700m ACC), strong earthquake ground response analysis, microseismic Nucleation research, near-fault strong earthquake records (if the Milun Fault shifts again), 3D structural analysis of the Milun Fault, complex reconstruction of the Milun Fault Healing research, Milun fault Trapped wave observation.
(Provided by: Yen-Yu Lin, Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, 2022.)
MiDAS Hole-B in September 2022
(Installation of underground seismometer in MiDAS Hole-B, photoed on September 6, 2022)
MiDAS Hole-A in November 2022
(Installation of underground seismometer in MiDAS Hole-A, photoed on November 4, 2022)
MiDAS Seismic Workstation
Welcomes visits
A long-term seismic observation station was set up in Chihsingtan for drilling research on the Milun Fault, and fiber optic seismic signals were introduced into the Hualien County Disaster Prevention Museum .
Promotion of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Education
Visit
- 2023-01-06 Visited by Sinotech.
- 2023-01-16 Visited by the Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University.
- 2023-03-17 Visited by Slow to Fast Earthquake Workshop.
- 2023-05-14 The President of Academia Sinica visited and inspected.
- 2023-05-27 Visited by the Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University.
- 2023-06-04 Visited by the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
- 2023-07-06 Visited by the Geology Department of National Taiwan University.
- 2023-11-11 Visited by Luodong High School.
Event Application
- Optical Fiber Experiment, National Taiwan University, August to October in 2023.
- Seismograph test of DFOST, October 2023.
Thematic Research
The Mirun drilling project has gathered top domestic and foreign scholars and experts. From the preliminary investigation, through the drilling project, to the follow-up long-term monitoring, a large amount of precious seismic data and information for scientific research have been collected. It is hoped that undertaking the research on the Chelongpu fault will be an important start for the next twenty years of glory in Taiwan’s earth science community. Thematic research areas include geology, geochemistry, geophysics and big data analysis, summarized as follows:
Geophysics & Seismology
Geochemistry & Applied Geology
Li-Wei Kuo, National Central University
Ching-Chou Fu, Academia Sinica
Shih-Jung Wang, National Central University
Wen-Jie Wu, Cultural University
Earth Science & Geodesy
Jiun-Yee Yen, National Dong Hwa University
Chia-Han Tseng, Cultural University
Hong-Yu Wu, National Cheng Kung University
En-Chao Yeh, National Normal University
Articles about the Milun Drilling Project
- Introduction to Deep Drilling of the Milun Fault, Li-Wei Guo, Wen-Jie Wu, Taiwan Earthquake Science Center Newsletter Issue 32, 2021-06.
- 米崙斷層連續GPS監測研究介紹，曾佳漢、邱紀瑜，台灣地震科學中心通訊 33期 2021-09。
- The Light Era of Seismology and the Deep Drilling Project of the Milun Fault in Hualien , Xin-Hua Huang, Kuo-Fong Ma, Physics Bimonthly, Physics Special Article 2022-02-16.
- Downhole Seismograph Array on the Milun Fault , Yen-Yu Lin, Taiwan Earthquake Science Center Newsletter Issue 35, 2022-03.
- Introduction to core processing at wellsite of MiDAS project , Wen-Jie Wu, Taiwan Earthquake Science Center Newsletter Issue 35, 2022-03.
- Drilling into a fault to capture 3D earthquake behavior , Kuo-Fong Ma, TEMBLOR 2022-05-17.
- Drive the optical fiber into the faulted aorta, Lai Yunzheng, GRB Government Information System 2023-03-07.
- 米崙斷層鑽井計畫地震監測系統，林彥宇、郭俊翔，土木水利．50卷2期 (20230401)．pp. 34-37，2023-04-02。
Lectures and seminars related to the study of the Mirun Fault
- 20180206花蓮地震序列學術研討會，台灣地震科學中心 2019-02-27。
- 國立臺灣海洋大學演講，花蓮地震、米崙斷層深鑽計畫與光纖: 新訊息與新技術，黃信樺，2022-04-13。
- 2022年EEMSEV研討會，MiDAS project，Kuo-Fong Ma，2022-08-23。
- 2022年AGU美國地球物理年會，Fault zone heterogeneity and roughness examined from downhole crossing active fault optical fiber，Kuo-Fong Ma et al.，2022-12。
- 2022年AGU美國地球物理年會，Probing an active fault zone through fibers: The Milun fault Drilling and All-inclusive Sensing (MiDAS) project，Hsin-Hua Huang et al.，2022-12。
- 2023年蔡元培院長科普講座，啟動地震光世代─當光纖深入斷層帶監測，2023-01-10。
- 2023年EGU歐洲地球物理年會特邀演講，Why high spatial resolution matters: narrow fault zone, but big effects observed by Taiwan Milun-fault Drilling and All-inclusive Sensing (Taiwan MiDAS) project，2023-04-25。
- 2023年IUGG研討會，Sensing fault zone at depth through Optical Fiber: Taiwan Milun-fault Drilling and All-inclusive Sensing (Taiwan MiDAS) project，Kuo-Fong Ma et al.，2023-07-11。
Special seminar in MiDAS
利用震測剖面探測鑽井井址地層構造，王乾盈、張文彥、馬國鳳、郭陳澔、郭炫佑、胡玉燕。
利用模組化集成大地電磁系統與開源軟件探測花蓮地區地下結構，張竝瑜、Haiyina Hasbia Amania、Azhar Fikri、Jordi Mahardika Puntu、林鼎峻。
米崙斷層鑽井場址之剪力波速調查，郭俊翔、黃雋彥、陳俊德、林哲民。
跨斷層三維地震網觀測米崙斷層，林彥宇、郭俊翔、林欽仁、古進上、馬國鳳。
米崙光纖地震儀與地震儀陣列比對，林欽仁、古進上、黃信樺、馬國鳳。
花蓮米崙斷層鑽探：地震活動及前兆井下監測計畫，馬國鳳、郭力維、黃信樺、林欽仁、古進上、廖若嵐。
米崙斷層鑽井岩芯的岩性與斷層特徵，郭力維、吳文傑、馬國鳳、凌韻雅、吳惟馨、陳則元、蘇志杰。
Characteristics of the fault zone and surrounding rocks in MiDAS Hole-A，Wen-Jie Wu, Li-Wei Kuo, Wei-Hsin Wu, Tze-Yuan Chen, Yung-Ya Ling。
Characterizing fault zone structure and ground motion amplification through borehole distributed acoustic sensing，Hsin-Hua Huang, En-Shih Wu, Yun-Ze Cheng, Kuo-Fong Ma, Chin-Jen Lin, Chin-Shang Ku。
Fault-Zone Trapped-Waves Characterization and Its Application to the MiDAS Project，Ming-Che Hsieh, Kuo-Fong Ma。
Compositions of real-time mud gas monitoring and gas extracted from the drill cores at the Milun fault drilling，Ching-Chou Fu, Kuo-Wei Wu, Kuo-Hang Chen, Huey-Cheng Lee。
花蓮米崙斷層地下水整合觀測計畫，王士榮、馬國鳳、傅慶州、賴文基、許鶴瀚、江協堂、何彥德、黃鐘鋒。
Rate and State Earthquake Simulation in Milun Fault and related system，Hung-Yu Wu, Wei-En Chou, Yi-Wen Liao。
Fault zone dynamic from fiber optic sensing of MiDAS，Kuo-Fong Ma。
花蓮地區地下構造與米崙斷層錯動機制，張文彥、王乾盈、馬國鳳、孫志財、郭炫佑、胡玉燕。
Temporal monitoring of the active Milun fault zone using downhole distributed fiber-optic sensing，Hsin-Hua Huang, Kuo-Fong Ma, En-Shih Wu, Yun-Ze Cheng, Chin-Jen Lin, Chin-Shang Ku, Po-Li Su, MiDAS working group。
MiDAS 井下地震儀陣列深度及方位校正，林彥宇、林欽仁、陳文瑜。
機器學習於 DAS 振動訊號監測之應用，古進上、馬國鳳、黃信樺、林欽仁。
On the Potential of Fiber-Optic Sensing for On-site Earthquake Early Warning，En-Shih Wu, Hsin-Hua Huang。
光纖地震儀水平陣列之應用，林欽仁、馬國鳳、黃信樺、古進上。
Petrographic characterization of some metamorphic rocks from MiDAS drill core samples: a preliminary report，Chin-Ho Tsai, Wen-Han Lo, Dominikus Deka Dewangga, ChihYing Yeh, Li-Wei Kuo, Yoshiyuki Iizuka。
Characteristics in the fault zone of the Milun fault，Yung-Ya Ling, Li-Wei Kuo, Pei-Chi Chiang, Yu-Qing Huang, WenJie Wu, Kuo-Fong Ma。
Origin of sand-rich interval in the Milun fault zone and its implication，Yu-Qing Huang, Li-Wei Kuo, Tze-Yuan Chen, Amanda Lin, KuoFong Ma, Chloe Jiang, Wen-Jie Wu 。
米崙深鑽計畫斷層帶粉碎石英的初步分析結果，吳文傑、蔣慶有、謝宛蓁、郭力維、馬國鳳。
Acknowledgements
Academia Sinica
Ministry of Education
National Science and Technology Council
Administrative support
Executive Yuan Eastern United Service Center
Hualien Office of the Northern Branch of the State-owned Property Administration of the Ministry of Finance
The Ninth River Bureau of the Water Conservancy Administration of the Ministry of Economic Affairs
Hualien County Government
Department of Agriculture, Hualien County Government
Hualien County Government Cultural Bureau
Hualien County Government Fire Department
Chunghwa Telecom Hualien Operation Office
Institute of Green Energy and Environment, Industrial Technology Research Institute
GFZ Helmholtz Center Potsdam, Germany
Hualien County Police Department Hualien Branch Xincheng Branch
Taiwan Earthquake Science Center, Ministry of Science and Technology
Taiwan East Earthquake Research Center
National Disaster Prevention Technology Center
National Earthquake Engineering Research Center
Academia Sinica Institute of Earth Sciences
Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University
National Central University Earthquake-Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management, E-DREaM
National Taiwan University
National Dong Hwa University
National Cheng Kung University
Chinese Culture University
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